Ant colonies regulate activity in response to changing conditions without using centralized control.Desert harvester ant colonies forage for seeds, and regulate foraging to manage a tradeoff between spending and obtaining water.Foragers lose water while outside in the dry air, but ants obtain water by metabolizing the fats in the seeds they eat.Pre
The stethoscope is a tool cherished by the field of cardiology and ubiquitous throughout medicine.However, little consideration has been given to its safe usage regarding its potential for pathogenic contamination despite thorough evidence that stethoscopes can harbor pathogens that can be transmitted to patients upon contact.The COVID-19 (SARS-COV
In many scenarios of security analysis, Bayesian methods are often used for assessing harmful factors like attacks, as Bayesian causal model can estimate or predict the effect from the observed factors.To distinguish which ones are direct or significant causal (harmful) factors to the target systems, we often need to calculate a (local) causal netw